Does cash money solve energy poverty? Assessing the impact of household heating allowances in Spain

R. Barrella, J.I. Linares, J.C. Romero, E.M. Arenas, E. Centeno

Energy Research & Social Science Vol. 80, pp. 102216-1 - 102216-18

Summary:

Energy poverty could be identified as the inability of households to attain a necessitated level of domestic energy services. Since Boardman's pioneering studies, EU Member States have progressively tackled this issue through both mitigating and structural measures. Among the former are the financial aids that seek to support vulnerable households in paying their heating bills. These widespread measures usually suffer from design problems, which can affect their efficacy. That is precisely what this paper aims to provide: an analysis of the effectiveness of the Thermal Social Allowance (TSA) in one of the Member States (Spain), as well as a proposal to redefine it, i.e. the Thermal Energy Cheque (TEC), to address some of its limitations.

For that purpose, this paper proposes a bottom-up methodology to characterise Spanish households’ theoretical expenditures for heating and domestic hot water. Then, the TEC proposal integrates this methodology in the calculation of an energy cheque that would enhance the current TSA policy. Furthermore, an impact assessment is carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of the two measures in reducing winter energy poverty.

The main findings show that in 2019 the limitations in the design of the TSA led to a reduction of winter energy poverty of only 1%, whereas the implementation of the TEC would reduce it by 11%. Nevertheless, both are costly measures that do not tackle other constituent factors of energy poverty, e.g. low energy efficiency of housing, making them unsuitable as medium-long term policies.

Spanish layman's summary:

Los subsidios al consumo suelen presentar problemas de diseño que afectan a su eficacia. Este artículo evalúa la eficacia del bono térmico en España y plantea una propuesta de redefinición del mismo, es decir, el ‘Cheque Térmico’, para subsanar algunas de sus limitaciones.

English layman's summary:

Heating allowances usually suffer from design problems that affect their efficacy. This paper assesses the effectiveness of the Thermal Social Allowance in one of the Member States (Spain), as well as a proposal to redefine it, i.e. the Thermal Energy Cheque, to address some of its limitations.

Keywords: Energy poverty; Vulnerable households; Energy expenditure; Residential sector; Policy evaluation

JCR Impact Factor and WoS quartile: 8,514 - Q1 (2021); 6,900 - Q1 (2023)

DOI reference: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2021.102216

Published on paper: October 2021.

Published on-line: August 2021.

Citation:
R. Barrella, J.I. Linares, J.C. Romero, E.M. Arenas, E. Centeno, Does cash money solve energy poverty? Assessing the impact of household heating allowances in Spain. Energy Research & Social Science. Vol. 80, pp. 102216-1 - 102216-18, October 2021. [Online: August 2021]